Dr. C. D. Mote, Jr.

President and Glenn L. Martin Institute Professor of Engineering
University of Maryland
College Park, MD
USA

ABSTRACT: NURTURING INNOVATION

Innovation is the use of a new idea to introduce a better way of doing something. Innovation refers to a change in thinking, products, ideas, processes, or organizations that leads to a better implementation. Successful implementation is fundamental to innovation. The scales of innovation implementation range from tiny to enormous depending on what is being done.

Innovation occupies our attention today because the solution of almost every major problem is thought to depend on innovation. How will we raise the quality of life for every citizen? The answer is through innovation. How will we increase the standard of living? How will we sustain a competitive national economy? How will we increase the safety of foods, increase productivity, develop alternative energy, combat global warming, ensure national security, fight poverty, reduce health care costs, fight pandemics, provide affordable education, reverse environmental degradation, and so on? The answer is always through innovation.

While much is known about particular innovators and innovative companies, less attention has been paid to: the culture that nurtures innovation and how that culture can be developed so that innovation can address the global problems relying on it. Two great challenges confronting innovation for the world’s problems are: (1) How can the pace of innovation be accelerated to keep up with the rate of discoveries in science and technology? (2) How can innovation take on the most complex global challenges – problems like clean water, national security, terrorism, food security, energy, environmental degradation, and climate change?

Today we will discuss nurturing innovation in a connected world that is experiencing accelerating scientific and technological changes. We will review the history that has led to the state of innovation today. The global connectivity among individuals, organizations, and governments has expanded both the pace of innovative development and the scale of problems requiring innovative solutions. We will view innovation in societal layers that will help us see the changes that will be needed for innovation to ultimately fulfill its promise to effectively address our great global challenges.

BIOGRAPHY

C. D. (Dan) Mote, Jr. is President of the University of Maryland and Glenn L. Martin Institute Professor of Engineering. Under his leadership, academic and research programs at the University have flourished. In 2009, the University was ranked 18th among public research universities, up from 30th in 1998. Dr. Mote is a leader in the national dialogue on higher education. He has testified on major educational issues before Congress, representing the University and higher education associations on the problem of visa barriers for international students and scholars and on deemed export control issues. He has served and currently serves on several National Academy of Sciences (NAS) committees that work to identify challenges to United States leadership in key areas of science and technology, including the committee that wrote the Rising Above the Gathering Storm report. Dr. Mote is currently chair of the National Research Council’s Committee on Global Science and Technology Strategies and Their Effect on U.S. National Security, and co-chair of the NAS Government-University-Industry-Research Roundtable. He has served as vice chair of the Department of Defense Basic Research Committee and was a member of the Academy of Arts and Sciences ARISE panel that produced Advancing Research in Science and Engineering: Investing in Early-Career Scientists and High-Risk, High-Reward Research. In 2004 he was appointed a founding member of the National Security Higher Education Advisory Board. Dr. Mote is a member of the Council and treasurer of National Academy of Engineering (NAE).

Dr. Mote has spurred the University to develop its high-tech economy, especially in information, bioscience and biotechnology, energy, language, security and nanotechnology. He has greatly expanded the University’s partnerships with federal laboratories and inaugurated the first research park sponsored by the People’s Republic of China outside the Mainland. China also founded the first Confucius Institute, an international Chinese language, literature and culture center, at the University of Maryland. Under his leadership, the University founded a research park on 128 acres adjacent to the campus with 3 million square feet of development potential, making it the largest park in Maryland and Greater Washington. The NOAA National Center for Weather and Climate Prediction will be located there.

Prior to assuming the Presidency at Maryland, Dr. Mote was a member of the University of California, Berkeley faculty for 31 years. From 1991 to 1998, he was Vice Chancellor at Berkeley, held an endowed chair in Mechanical Systems and was President of the UC Berkeley Foundation. He led a comprehensive capital campaign for Berkeley that raised $1.4 billion. He earlier served as chair of Berkeley's Department of Mechanical Engineering and led the department to its number one ranking in the National Research Council review of graduate program effectiveness.

Dr. Mote is internationally recognized for his research on the dynamics of gyroscopic systems and the biomechanics of snow skiing, and has produced more than 300 publications. He holds patents in the U.S., Norway, Finland and Sweden, and has mentored 58 Ph.D. students. Dr. Mote has received numerous awards and honors, including the Humboldt Prize awarded by the Federal Republic of Germany. He is a recipient of the Berkeley Citation, an award from the University of California-Berkeley similar to the honorary doctorate, and was named Distinguished Engineering Alumnus. He has received two honorary doctorates. Dr. Mote is a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the Acoustical Society of America, and the International Academy of Wood Science, and he holds Honorary Membership in the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME). He received the 2005 J. P. Den Hartog award from the ASME International Technical Committee on Vibration and Sound to honor his lifelong contribution to the teaching and/or practice of vibration engineering. In 2005 he received the Founders Award from the National Academy of Engineering in recognition of his comprehensive body of work on the dynamics of moving flexible structures and his leadership in academia. He earned the B.S., M.S. and Ph.D. in mechanical engineering from the University of California, Berkeley.

Dr. A. Nihat Berker
President
Sabanci University
Istanbul, Turkey

ABSTRACT: UNDERGRADUATE EDUCATION WITH FOCUS ON RESEARCH

The completion of an undergraduate program with very good grades at a top university, by itself, in our times does not amount to a successful university education. Current times require and enable students fresh out of high school, from day number one at their university, to engage in meaningful research and outreach projects, pioneering real-life problems in which even the proper positioning of the problem and method is often a major task and a good part of the solution. This approach, initiated in 1969 at MIT as UROP – Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program, is implemented by faculty proactively seeking the students. This approach, currently conducted in Turkey, will be illustrated by examples: (1) The research engagement of students from their first university year, resulting in top research performance as reflected in publications in leading journals and presentations at international conferences. (2) Intensive graded summer courses for undergraduates, attended by students from dozens of universities, in topics such as Phase Transitions, Renormalization-Group Theory, Condensed Matter Physics, Systems Bipology. (3) Intensive university-level graded summer courses for high school students, attended by students from close to a hundred high schools, in topics such as Augmented Mechanics, Special Relativity, Elementary Quantum Mechanics, Introduction to Antropology, Archeology, Economics, Political Science, Psychology, Sociology. (4) Real community-involvement projects practiced by university students in their first year and beyond. All of these efforts aim at all students being involved in the physical sciences and in the the social sciences and in community outreach activities.

BIOGRAPHY

A. Nihat Berker is the Rector of Sabanci University in Istanbul. His academic specialty is theoretical physics, with over 120 publications and 4200 scientific citations, and he was a faculty member at MIT in 1979-99. He teaches courses in physics (at all levels: undergraduate, graduate, intensive high school), chemistry, and humanities.

Dr. Nam Pyo Suh
President
Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
Daejeon, Korea

ABSTRACT: INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING SYSTEMS DESIGNED AND DEVELOPED AT KAIST - OLEV AND MH

Commencing in 2009, KAIST has designed and built two innovative engineering systems: On-Line Electric Vehicle (OLEV) and Mobile Harbor (MH). OLEV is an electric car or bus that draws its electric power from an underground electric power system without using any mechanical contact. The electric power transmitted wirelessly propels the vehicle and also recharges a small battery on board the vehicle. The battery is used to power the vehicle on roads without the underground cable and also when additional power is needed for acceleration. Large OLEV buses and cars draw about 60 kW and 20 kW of maximum power, respectively, from the underground cable. The efficiency of power transmission is over 74%. The EMF generated is well within the regulatory guidelines. The OLEV system was designed and manufactured, including the underground infrastructure, by professors and researchers at KAIST in collaboration with industrial firms, in a relatively short period of time. An OLEV bus is now deployed at the Grand Park of Seoul City. In the near future, KAIST will be installing bus lines in Seoul. In addition to OLEV, KAIST has also designed and installed mobile harbors (MH). MH is a harbor that goes out to large containerships that are moored in deep waters to load and unload containers. The Mobile Harbor eliminates the need for large harbors that are expensive to construct and environmentally undesirable. MH can deliver the cargo to any small port nearest to the final destination. A 1:25 scale Mobile Harbor has been designed and built to demonstrate the key technologies of MH in simulated ocean environment. A systematic design procedure, including Axiomatic Design, was used in designing these complex engineering systems.

BIOGRAPHY

Suh was born in Korea on April 22, 1936, and immigrated to the U.S. in 1954 to join his father who was teaching at Harvard University. He completed his high school education at Browne & Nichols School before entering MIT as a freshman in 1955.

From 1965-1969, Suh served as a professor at the University of South Carolina. In 1970 he began his professional career at MIT--serving as director of the MIT-Industry Polymer Processing Program from 1973-1984; director of the Laboratory for Manufacturing and Productivity from 1977-1984; and Mechanical Engineering Department Head from 1991 to 2001. Although still keeping the title of Ralph E. Cross Professor of Mechanical Engineering at MIT, Suh is now President of KAIST.

During his tenure at MIT, Suh also worked for industry and the government. In October 1984, Professor Suh took a leave of absence from MIT to accept a Presidential Appointment by President Ronald Reagan to the National Science Foundation where he was in charge of engineering. During his tenure at NSF, he created a new direction for the Engineering Directorate and introduced a new organizational program designed "to ensure that the United States will occupy a leadership position in engineering well into the 21st century."

Suh is on the board of several companies and founded TREXEL, Inc. He also served as the Assistant Director for Engineering at US National Science Foundation from 1984 to 1988 and has consulted for the UN, National Laboratories, World Bank and the Korean government (where developed Korea's Five-Year Economic Plan in the 1980s)

Professor of Lubrication
Imperial College
London, UK

ABSTRACT: RECENT ADVANCES IN LIQUID LUBRICATION RESEARCH

Although gas and solid lubrication are becoming increasingly important, liquid and grease lubrication continue to be by far the most widely-used methods of lubricating rubbing contacts in engineering systems.

Historically, the mean focus of attention in liquid lubrication research was on extending machine durability by controlling wear, seizure and fatigue of rubbing contacts. However in the last decade, environmental concerns have become the main driver of research. Of paramount importance is now the need to lower friction in machine components and thus increase their efficiency. This is leading to a progressive reduction in the viscosities of lubricants used in machine components, as well as to extensive research on new lubricant components and new surface treatments and coatings able to deliver low friction.

Another trend arising from environmental concerns is replacement in many machine components of traditional steel by lightweight materials such as aluminium alloys and polymers. The lubrication requirements of such materials are necessitating much research, not least to understand properly how lubricants interact with steel so that we can see what changes are needed to lubricate other materials.

Other areas of lubrication research driven by qrowing concern for the environment include the need for engine lubricants that are compatible with exhaust after-treatment systems, problems of effectively lubricating wind turbine transmission, compatibility of lubricants with biofuels and the design of biodegradeable lubricants.

This presentation briefly outlines the widespread impact of environmental concerns on liquid lubrication research and then highlights a few specific examples how new research in liquid lubrication is supporting our quest for a stable and benign environment.

BIOGRAPHY

Hugh Spikes graduated in Natural Sciences from the University of Cambridge in 1968 and obtained his PhD for research in Tribology from Imperial College in 1972. He is currently Head of the Tribology Research Group and Professor of Lubrication in the Mechanical Engineering Department, Imperial College London. His research Group currently comprises five full time academic staff, eleven post doctoral researchers and twenty-six PhD students.

Professor Spikes is a Fellow of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers (IMechE) and also of the Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers (STLE). He has been involved in research in tribology for over forty years and has received a number of recognitions for his research achievements including the ASME Mayo D Hersey Award and the STLE International Award. In 2004 he was awarded the Tribology Trust Tribology Gold Medal, the highest international honour in Tribology. Nine of his research publications have received best paper awards, from STLE, IMechE and ASME.

Professor Spikes’ research interests span a wide range of liquid lubrication research, including hydrodynamic, elastohydrodynamic and boundary lubrication. A particular interest has been thin film lubrication and the influence of lubricant composition on the film-forming properties of lubricants and thus on friction and wear performance. Several of the experimental techniques developed during his research have become standard tools for tribology research in industry and academia.

Vice President and Professor
Bilkent University
Ankara, Turkey

ABSTRACT: DISSIPATION AND IRREVERSIBLE ENERGY TRANSFER IN DYNAMIC SYSTEMS

Dissipation refers to conversion of mechanical energy to thermal energy during which the internal energy of the medium increases. In solids, the increase in the internal energy is equivalent to the increase in the kinetic energy of atoms oscillating about their equilibrium positions. In fluids, the increase in internal energy corresponds to the rise in the thermal velocity of the molecules that are in random motion. In both cases, dissipation is an irreversible process where ordered mechanical energy is converted to disordered thermal energy of the molecules. An exception occurs during Brownian motion where at the molecular level energy exchange takes place continuously between molecules in a fluid and a particle, displaying a localized reversible energy exchange between ordered and disordered states. The treatment of dissipation and energy exchange at the molecular level usually requires statistical methods and relies on the collective behavior of molecules in the medium that are too numerous for computational approaches. Inspired by the energy dissipation mechanisms in nature, this presentation demonstrates how nearly-irreversible energy transfer can be realized in linear conservative systems employing a much smaller degree of freedom than the molecular populations solids or fluids provide. Irreversibility in physical systems that have low dimensions normally develops as a result of nonlinearities. In conservative linear systems, energy exchange within a structure or among its modes takes place with some recurrence determined by the system configuration. As shown in this presentation, by suitable selection of system parameters, energy may be transported with near irreversibility, creating an apparent damping effect. The presentation describes mathematical approaches used to identify the system parameters that lead to irreversibility and extends the concept to continuous systems. The presentation concludes with a description of experiments, including an application to reduce vibrations in a satellite.

BIOGRAPHY

Adnan Akay joined Bilkent University on January 1, 2009 as the founding head of Mechanical Engineering Department and as its Vice President. He joined Bilkent from the U.S. National Science Foundation where he was the director of the Division of Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation Division. Between 1992 and 2005 Dr. Akay was the head of the Mechanical Engineering Department at Carnegie Mellon University where he currently holds the title of Lord Professor of Engineering. Prior to joining Carnegie Mellon, he was on the faculty at Wayne State University, where he last held the DeVlieg Chair in Engineering, and prior to that he was with the National Institutes of Health. He has held visiting appointments at several universities and continues to collaborate with colleagues at the University of Rome "La Sapienza," and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA) de Lyon in France. He also serves as an advisor to numerous companies and universities. Adnan Akay’s research area is in acoustics, vibrations and friction with applications ranging from submarines to aircraft and automotive brakes and most recently to haptics. He has published extensively and received numerous awards including the Per Brüel Gold Medal in Acoustics and Noise Control in 2005 from ASME. He is a Fellow of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and the Acoustical Society of America.