What We Have Learned about Educating Engineers: A Field Report from the Carnegie Study
The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching* has embarked on an ambitious research effort to study preparation for the professions in five fields-including law, engineering, the clergy, medicine, and social work-as well as teacher preparation. These studies are collaborations with educators and practitioners in each profession with the aim to better understand and describe the state of professional education in each field. The Foundation's study of engineering education aims to describe and analyze both typical and exemplary approaches to teaching and learning engineering at the outset of the new century. It addresses the major questions of what engineering education looks like and how it prepares practitioners by exploring what lies inside the "black box" of preparation for the engineering profession. These questions are addressed in ways that will assist educators, students, university leaders, and practicing engineers to prepare future engineers more effectively. The study also provides an important point of linkage to foster an exchange of insights and best practices among and between disciplinary fields, and both graduate and undergraduate programs.

The recently published Educating Engineers: Designing for the Future of the Field is the final report from the Foundation's study of engineering. As described in the report, the study's examination of curricular and teaching strategies yielded questions about the alignment of engineering programs with the demands of today's professional engineering practice. While describing engineering education from within the classroom and the lab, the report offers new possibilities for teaching and learning.

As the Senior Scholar at the Foundation leading the study on engineering education, I will describe the dominate model of engineering education we observed, outline improvements to better align educational practices with the needs to today's engineering professionals, and propose an alternate (and fairly radical) model suggested by a new understanding of how people learn. Ample time will be allotted in the session for Q&A and discussion.

*The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching focuses on the scholarship of teaching and seeks to generate discussion and promulgate sustainable, long-term changes in educational research, policy, and practice. The Foundation's programs are designed to foster deep, significant, lasting learning for all students and to improve the ability of education to develop students' understanding, skills and integrity. The study described in this talk was funded by The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching and The Atlantic Philanthropies 1 Sheppard's co-authors on Educating Engineers: Designing for the Future of the Field are Kelley Macatangay, Anne Colby, and William Sullivan.

2 http://www.stanford.edu/group/mewomen/

The Importance of the Total Student Experience: It is Not Just about Courses
This talk will focus on the student experience. In particular, it will focus on activities that are often housed in the office of student affairs. A discussion on the role of both academic and career advising will start the talk. Both of these are critical to student satisfaction and are required under criterion 1 of ABET 2000. This will be followed by comments on the role of an international experience for undergraduate engineering students.

These experiences can range from term time course work to summer internships or research experiences. Finally, examples of student clubs and activities that enhance the engineering education will be provided.

Session Description:
Although flow diverters have been used to treat aneurysms clinically (mostly unruptured aneurysms), their use is still considered to be experimental, but recent clinical evidence suggests that a few medical device companies are starting the process of commercializing such devices. The history and methods used in such devices from conception of the idea through clinical proof of concept will be discussed.

Abstract:
Endovascular coiling has become the preferred method of treatment for most cerebral aneurysms, but it has proven difficult in wide-neck or low dome-to-neck ratio aneurysms. To prevent coil herniation into the parent artery, stents are increasingly being used as support structures to maintain the coils within the aneurysm and to allow more compact coil packing in procedures involving complex aneurysms. It has been proposed, however, that cerebral aneurysms can be successfully treated solely by the placement of a stent across the aneurysm neck. The stent impedes flow transfer between the aneurysm and parent vessel by redirecting the flow into the parent vessel. Thus, as opposed to their function as scaffolds to maintain arterial patency in atherosclerosis treatment, the primary function of stentlike devices in cerebral aneurysm treatment is to act as flow diverters. Flow diverters increase the residence time of blood within the aneurysm, thereby inducing intrasaccular thrombosis and subsequent exclusion of the aneurysm from the circulation. Although flow diverters have been used to treat aneurysms clinically (mostly unruptured aneurysms), their use is still considered to be experimental, but recent clinical evidence suggests that a few medical device companies are starting the process of commercializing such devices. The history and methods used in such devices from conception of the idea through clinical proof of concept will be discussed.

Recent studies of mechanical properties of biological materials have led to a hypothesis that the capability to tolerate cracklike flaws may have been a general selection criterion in natural evolution. This hypothesis is based on the assertion that biosystems with important mechanical functions (e.g., bone, shell, teeth, wood, gecko, fly, beetle, etc.) must operate robustly in spite of the presence of random cracklike flaws due to damage, impact, fatigue, remodeling, surface roughness, etc. The principles of mechanics have been used to understand the hierarchical structures in biology, in particular, to show that the nanometer scale plays a key role in allowing these biological systems to achieve their superior properties. We suggest that the principle of flaw tolerance may have had an overarching influence on the evolution of biological materials.

In this talk, we will also discuss extension of the flaw tolerance concept to study deformation and crack nucleation in energy storage materials (battery), which generally experience significant volume changes during charging and discharging caused by concentration changes of ions within host particles. It is known that stresses induced by hydrogen or lithium diffusion, respectively, can lead to fracture and decrepitation of electrode materials, which limit the durability of batteries. Nanostructured battery electrodes, such as thin films, nanoparticles, and nanowires, have often been shown to have substantially longer durability in terms of cycle life than their bulk counterparts. We study this phenomenon by modeling stress generation and crack nucleation during electrochemical diffusion and show that there exists a critical characteristic size for flaw tolerance, i.e., a critical size below which cracks do not form.

Periodic microstructures abound in nature and provide numerous interesting and unique mechanical, photonic, phononic, and hydrophobic properties. Advances in block copolymer chemistry, lithography, controlled printing, molding, laser cutting, and other processing techniques enable synthetic production of periodic polymeric microstructures at many different length scales. Here, we focus on the mechanics of the finite deformation behavior of periodic polymeric-based microstructures and how the periodic structure can give rise to interesting and novel mechanical behaviors, in many instances involving microstructural instabilities, which can be used to trigger sudden changes in either internal periodic morphology or in surface topology. The periodic structures and their switching and/or evolution with deformation can be used to either permanently or dynamically tune other attributes, including, for example, phononic bandgaps and hydrophobicity. Several different examples will be presented, including: (i) mechanics of periodic porous elastomers which exhibit deformation-induced pattern transformations upon reaching a critical load giving a superelastic stress-strain behavior as well as a tunability in phononic bandgaps; (ii) mechanics of lamellar block copolymers building from "single crystal" lamellar structure mechanics to "polycrystal" lamellar block copolymers; (iii) mechanics of processing of electrospun polymeric fibers using solvent evaporation to control surface topology; and (iv) mechanics of three-dimensional periodic porous and bicontinuous structures for controlling stiffness, strength, and energy dissipation.

We use molecular dynamics simulations and theoretical analysis to study heat flow and phase behavior at the interface between high power-density, nanoscale heat sources, such as metal nanoparticles, and an embedding fluid medium. We show that the fluid next to the nanoparticle can be heated well above its boiling point without a phase change. Under increasing nanoparticle temperature, the heat flux saturates, which is in sharp contrast with the case of flat interfaces, where a critical heat flux is observed followed by development of a vapor layer and heat flux drop. These differences in heat transfer are explained by the curvature-induced pressure close to the nanoparticle, which inhibits boiling. We observe similar behavior for water, organic fluid, as well as generic model fluid underscoring generality of the results. We will discuss the limits of the spatial and temporal localization of extreme temperature excursions and the limits to the applicability of the linear response theory to heat transfer at extremely large heat fluxes. Implications of our results on potential thermal medical therapies will be also discussed.

In this presentation, we outline the roadmap for the development of ND-enabled drug delivery system capable of performing both therapeutics and diagnostics functions via seamless integration of simulation-based engineering & science (SBE&S) and experimental validations. The essential components of nanodiamond-based multifunctional devices are nanodiamonds (ND), parylene buffer layer, doxorubicin (DOX) drugs, and imaging biomarker molecules. In its simplest form, self-assembled and functionalized (with DOX and biomarkers) nanodiamonds are packed inside parylene capsule. The efficient functioning of the device is characterized by its ability to precisely detect targets (cancer cells) and then to release drugs at a controlled manner.

The fundamental science issues concerning the development of the ND-based device includes (a) a precise identification of the equilibrium structure, surface electrostatics, and self-assembled morphology of nanodiamonds; (b) understanding of the drug/biomarker adsorption and desorption process to and from NDs; (c) rate of drug release through the parylene buffers; and (d) device performance under physiological condition. In this study, we aim to systematically address these issues using a multiscale computational framework.

A broad range of materials has been explored as candidates for the imagery/diagnosis and therapeutic release toward cancer. The development of a platform approach toward rationally designed nanocarbon-enabled imagery and drug delivery that is broadly applicable would then generate an important advance toward material-driven enhancements in therapy. In this talk, we first described various nanocarbon materials for therapeutic and diagnostic applications. We will then demonstrate that nanodiamonds (NDs) represent as one of the most promising candidate materials as they have much higher potential for mass production, yet still possess properties common to nanotubes and bucky balls, such as the ultrahigh surface-tovolume ratio. Then, we outline an experimentally validated and nansocale science-based simulation technique for the development of a ND-enabled drug delivery system capable of performing both therapeutics and diagnostics functions. The essential components of nanodiamond-based multifunctional devices are nanodiamonds, parylene buffer layer, doxorubicin (DOX) drugs and imaging bio marker molecules. In its simplest form, self-assembled and functionalized (with DOX and biomarkers) nanodiamonds are packed inside parylene capsule.

The efficient functioning of the device is characterized by its ability to precisely detect targets (cancer cells) and then to release drugs at a controlled manner. The fundamental science issues concerning the development of the ND-based device includes a precise identification of the equilibrium structure, surface electrostatics, and self-assembled morphology of nanodiamonds, understanding of the drug/biomarker adsorption and desorption process to and from NDs, rate of drug release through the parylene buffers, and finally, device performance under physiological condition. In this talk, we aim to systematically present these issues using a nanoscale science-based multscale computational framework.

This session focuses on the applications of vibration and acoustic principles in modeling the human respiratory system and its components with focus on different respiratory ailment therapies.

Fuel economy requirements, emissions regulations, and the push for energy independence are key factors driving the auto industry to increase vehicle efficiency. The main avenues to efficiency improvement are powertrain enhancements and mass reduction. In this talk, Dr. Taub will detail how GM is using lightweight materials such as aluminum and magnesium alloys, high-strength steels, and composites to reduce vehicle weight. He will also highlight some of the advanced manufacturing technologies GM is developing to produce lighter-weight components, enhance product quality, and achieve production efficiencies. Key technical hurdles that must be overcome to increase the use of these advanced technologies will be discussed.

The compressive response of many cellular materials is characterized by a nearly linear elastic regime that is terminated by an instability, resulting in localization. Localized deformation is subsequently arrested, triggering its spreading to previously intact neighboring material. This propagation of localized deformation usually progresses with the load remaining essentially unchanged and continues until the whole specimen is so deformed, in the process tracing an extended load plateau. The relatively low stress levels of such plateaus and their extent are responsible for their excellent energy absorption characteristics.

Experimental results from compression tests representative of several families of cellular materials will be used to illustrate this type of behavior, in each case highlighting the micromechanical mechanisms behind it. The examples will include honeycombs loaded in-plane (2-D crushing) as well as transversely (concertina folding), space-filling polymeric and metallic open cell foams, balsa wood, and trabecular bone. The onset of the first instability, its localization, the mechanism of arrest of local deformation, and that of its spreading are unique to each cellular material. However, all are dependent on the geometry of the cellular microstructure and on the mechanical properties of the base material (polymer, metal, bone, wood, carbon, etc.). Analytical and numerical results from 2D honeycombs and 3D foams will be used to illustrate the mechanics challenges involved in predicting these phenomena. The models are based on idealized periodic microstructures, as well as much larger domains with microstructurally accurate geometries and several base material systems.

IMECE2009-13411: Mechanical Engineering Education Transformation First Year Experience, Transitional Stages of Professional Development, and Early Career Breakthrough Moments
Arthur C. Heinricher, Dean of Undergraduate Studies, Professor of Mathematical Sciences

IMECE2009-13413: Mechanical Engineering Education Transformation: Transitional Stages and Early Career Moments Expandable Curricular and Co-curricular Activities, Engagement, Mentoring and Connection
Dr. Richard D. Sisson, Jr.

Panel IMECE2009-13412: Renewable Energy Forms, Sources, and Production: The Energy Economy, Outlook, and Expansion Seminal Applications, Regulatory Harvesting, Storage, Transportation and Distribution, Design and Manufacturing Determinants, Flow Dynamics, and Feedback Controls
Professor Mohammad Noori, Dean, College of Engineering California Polytechnic State University (CALPOLY)

PROBLEM SOLVING AND CONCEPTUAL ENGINEERING DESIGN IN THE INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING
Integrated design and manufacturing consists of several stages. The most important are problem solving, conceptual product design, detail design, design for machining/manufacturing, design for production, manufacturing/production process planning, process execution, product testing, and product release. The methods and computer software for support of most of detail design and manufacturing/production stages were developed in 20th century. The great challenge of 21st century is to develop tools supporting the most uncontrollable phases of design-the problem-solving and concept-generation processes, which depend on the talent and experience of the designer and manufacturer, and in conventional approach, they are solved in the most traditional ways. There are still no tools for satisfactory support of those two qualities. Such tools-methods and software-could be most helpful in engineering conceptual design and would greatly influence the quality of the product, especially in cases of contradicting constraints.

At first, such problems appear impossible to solve but, after careful studies and appropriate efforts, they may became solvable. Solving them might determine the success of the product and give the company significant advantage over the competition. The presentation will concentrate on problem solving, conceptual design of industrial products, and their importance in design/manufacturing integration.

Soft materials can be made active in that they can greatly change shape and volume in response to diverse stimuli. For example, an elastomer may strain more than 100% under an electric field.

As another example, in response to a change in pH, a gel may imbibe solvent molecules to swell many times its initial volume. These soft active materials have broad applications in drug delivery, tissue engineering, microfluidics, and the oil industry. Our group has recently started to study the mechanics of soft active materials. We attempt to formulate theories that address commonly asked questions. How do stress, electric field, and chemical potential interplay to cause large deformation? Why do abrupt changes or instabilities, occur? This talk outlines the basic theories and several specific phenomena arising in applications, focusing on large deformation and instability.

A finite element formulation for the nonlinear analysis of laminated shell structures and through-thickness functionally graded shells will be presented. A tensor-based finite element formulation is used to describe the deformation and constitutive laws of a shell in a natural and simple way by using curvilinear coordinates. In addition, a family of high-order elements with Lagrangian interpolations is used to avoid membrane and shear locking; no mixed interpolations are employed. A firstorder shell theory with seven parameters is derived with exact nonlinear deformations and under the framework of the Lagrangian description. This approach takes into account thickness changes, and therefore, 3D constitutive equations are utilized. Numerical comparisons of the present results with those found in the literature for typical benchmark problems involving isotropic and laminated composite plates and shells as well as functionally graded plates and shells are found to be excellent. These results show the validity of the developed finite element model. Moreover, the simplicity of this approach makes it attractive for applications in contact mechanics and damage propagation in shells.

Abstract
In this talk we will present an elementary and practical look at nonlinear dynamical systems both as mathematical entities and as important descriptions of engineering devices and consumer products-and of physical, biological and social phenomena in general. We begin with a basic definition of nonlinear dynamical system and provide numerous wideranging examples to emphasize their importance in many engineering disciplines. We then examine the mathematical structure of various types of equations (both differential and algebraic) that describe nonlinear phenomena, and with this background in hand we consider quantitative approaches to haracterizing such systems and their behavior(s). These will include calculation of fractal dimension, construction of phase portraits, Poincare maps and bifurcation diagrams, and time series analysis in both time and frequency domains.

IMECE2009-13416: Theoretical and Applied Machining Practices: Algorithms, Interpretation, and Methodologies for Metal Cutting Mechanics
Viktor P. Astakhov, PhD, Dr. Sci., Tool Research and Application Manager, Production Services Management Inc., Saline, Michigan

IMECE2009-13404: Renewable Energy Forms, Sources, and Production: Nuclear Energy Seminal Applications, Regulatory Harvesting, Storage, Transportation and Distribution, Design and Manufacturing Determinants, Flow Dynamics, and Feedback Controls.
Christopher D. Cassino, Senior Engineer, Steam Generator, Management Programs, Westinghouse Electric Company, Nuclear Services Division, Madison, Pennsylvania

Plenary Session I
Title: Manufacturing Enterprise Automation: Influential Computations, Algorithms, Methodologies, and Experiments for Greater value in Products, Services, and Environmental Dimension
Description: Manufacturing System Design Decomposition and Embedding Services: The Models, Algorithms, Interpretations, and Methodologies that Support our Successes
Author: David S. Cochran, President and CEO, System Design: Innovation Through Design
Dr. David S. Cochran is a former associate professor of mechanical engineering at MIT, where he established and directed the Production System Design (PSD) Laboratory for nine years. Dr. Cochran is a two-time recipient of the prestigious Shingo Prize (2002 and 1989) for manufacturing excellence. He received the Dudley Prize for best paper from the International Journal of Production Research in 2000 for his work to integrate system design theory. Dr. Cochran received his Ph.D. in industrial and manufacturing systems engineering from Auburn University and M.S. in manufacturing engineering from The Pennsylvania State University

Plenary Session II
Title: Manufacturing Enterprise Automation: Algorithms, Interpretations, and Methodologies for Greater Product Value in Integrated Design and Manufacturing
Description: Seminal Applications, Problem-Solving Commonalities, Influential Industries, and Impact on Engineering Education
Author: Zbigniew M. Bzymek is the associate professor and director at the CAD&CAM and Expert Systems Laboratory, Past ASME UConn Student Section Faculty Advisor, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut.

Panel Session I
Title: Manufacturing Enterprise Automation: Communality between Regulatory Dynamics and Controls and Autonomous Guided Aerial Manufacturing
Description: Influential Applications, Design and Manufacturing, Dynamics and Controls, and the Transformative Thinking that Impact our Successes
Author: Xiaolin Zhang, Associate Professor, Precision and Intelligence Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan

Plenary Session III
M.S. Fofana, Worcester Polytechnic Institute International Networking Engagement, Enrichment, and Development for Influential Manufacturing Practices CMED Activity Group seeks to create and develop novel algorithms, interpretations of specialized knowledge, methodologies,and computational tools that serve as a channel for Unmanned Manufacturing Enterprise Realization. The kinds of iterated manufacturing practices available in the channel express the complex relationships among the manufacturing parameters that must be monitored and impacted to interpret consistent and sustainable customer expectations and profits.

The Unmanned Manufacturing Enterprise Realization is understood as a Manufacturing Universe wherein the alignment between the most suited patterns of manufacturing processes and customer phenomena are made alive.

We acquire the views and contributions of world renowned mathematicians, educators, and practicing engineers that support the construction of the Unmanned Manufacturing Enterprise Realization

Plenary Session I
Title: Manufacturing Engineering Education: Pedagogical Algorithms, Interpretations, and Methodologies for Teaching, Learning, and Classroom Engagement
Description: The Curriculum, Learning Models, and Methodologies that Impact our Successes
Author: Torbjorn S. Bergstrom, Operations Manager, WPI Manufacturing Laboratories

Plenary Session II
Title: Manufacturing Engineering Education: Pedagogical Algorithms, Interpretations, and Methodologies for Teaching, Learning and Classroom Engagement
Description: The Curriculum, Learning Models, and Methodologies that Impact our Successes
Author: I.S. Jawahir, James F. Hardymon Chair in Manufacturing Systems, and Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering and UK Center for Manufacturing

Plenary Session III
Title: Manufacturing Engineering Education: Alignment Between Research, Teaching, Community, and Industry: Algorithms, Interpretations, and Methodologies for an Expandable Connection
Description: The Project, Programs, and Services that Impact our Successes
Author: Anne Spence, Director, Project Lead the Way, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC)

The success of our students in mechanical engineering is predicated not only on their experience at the university, but also the preparation and experiences that they receive prior to crossing our door step. Teaching styles vary in both K-12 and higher education, however learner-centered education seems to have the most promise in producing the Engineers of 2020. This presentation will focus on the best practices in K-14 engineering education in both curricular and non-curricular forms. We will examine how teaching, engagement, advising, and mentoring support effective student learning practices and interpretations of engineering knowledge and computational thinking.